Changing Landscapes

The collapse of the Bronze Age civilisations was the catalyst for change. Metalsmiths had to learn new skills, populations migrated from what had become arid zones to areas of more clement weather, sacred beliefs became the first religions and attitudes to governance were revised by commoners as well as the elites.

1: The Transition from Bronze to Iron

The Iron Age in the Middle East Was an Accident: How Copper Slag Changed History

The Iron Age in the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean didn't begin with a discovery, but with a waste product. The c...

Read the article »

2: Shattering the Divine Contract

Shattering the Divine Contract: State Evasion and Ideological Rupture in the Late Bronze Age Collapse

The Late Bronze Age collapse (c. 1250–1150 BC) was a deliberate ideological rupture. Discover how marginalised populat...

Read the article »